A significant share of education research uses data collected by “enumerators.” It is well-documented that “enumerator effects”—or inconsistent practices among the people who administer measurement tools—can be a key source of error in survey data collection. However, it is less understood whe...
1. Each dynasty implemented the Islamic law. The religious top people like Sheikh, Mulla, Kaldi, had a higher social status; which are honored as teachers and religious advisers by the Qarakhanids king and Cahetai King. In the ruler's support, religious leaders had a lot of rights. The ...
Islamization of the society in the Malay World such as Malaysia and Indonesia is closely associated with the Muslim arrival from China. This was due to the earlier Islamic arrival in China than in the Malay World, that is, with the entourage of Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas in China during the ...
Aqd is a principal of contract law, also mandated by the Qur’an. It requires the terms of a contract with a fellow Muslim to be binding. The literal translation refers to connecting the words or actions from two or more parties as a mutually agreed upon event. This can be a specific...
of strength and a warning to our enemies. “Dua is the weapon of the believer.” Ribat is the tradition of spiritual retreat while at the same time engaged in guarding the borders of Muslim lands. The Ottoman Khalifah would be inaugurated by the sword of the dervish. Why would a ...
Journal of Tongji University Social Science SectionOuis, P. (2002b). Islamization as a strategy for reconciliation between modernity and tradition: Examples from contemporary Arab Gulf states. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 13 (3), 315–334....
As a predominantly Muslim and ethnically diverse new democracy in Asia, Indonesia is a timely case to study how the contending forces of development and so
A diagnostic tool for family and marriage counseling with Muslim couples Article Open access 02 June 2022 Assessment, frequency, and reasons for child-to-parent violence in a sample of Italian adolescents Article Open access 01 April 2025 Factors associated with the quality of life of Chinese...
A Muslim mosque now stands there, the familiar Dome of the Rock that is seen in every skyline scene of Old Jerusalem. Treaties are made and broken. Palestinians are placed under house arrest and retaliate by sending suicide bombers against the enemy. Violence escalates. There is a war going...
is very relevant in addressing the current and future challenges of Muslim communities across the globe. The eminent scholar, Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali first expressed the view that the essential (dharuriyyat) interests of the maqasid al-shari‘ah are five, namely: the protection of faith, li...