In calcination, the particles shrink, but hold their original spherical shapes. Other wet-chemical processes include the sol–gel method, which is one of the widely used methods for TiO2 nanoparticle formation,143–161 because of its advantage of controlling the particle size and morphology through...
Modern oral implantology includes a large number of devices with different sizes, lengths, shapes, and thread designs [2,3]. The gold standard substrate material employed is pure titanium or Ti−Al−V alloy due to its high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and lightweight properties [4...