Many English translations of the Bible use hell as an English equivalent of the Hebrew terms Sheʾōl (or Sheol) and Gehinnom, or Gehenna (Hebrew: gê-hinnōm). The term Hell is also used for the Greek Hades and Tartarus, which have markedly different connotations. As this confusion of...
translations then being used. His revised Latin translation of theGospelsappeared about 383. Using theSeptuagintGreek version of theOld Testament, he produced new Latin translations of thePsalms(the so-called Gallican Psalter), the Book of Job, and some other books. Later he decided that the ...
The book is now considered the bible of the Adult Children of Alcoholics movement, bringing broad recognition to the problems of people whose parents drink. The success of Woititz's book helped propel HCI's sales from $1 million in 1985 to $17 million by 1990. ...
Jefferson Bible, abridgment of theNew Testamentcompiled byThomas Jefferson(1743–1826), who rearranged the text of theGospelsinto an account of the life and ministry ofJesusthateschewsmention of any supernatural or miraculous elements. Jefferson exemplified therationalisticbent of manyEnlightenmentintellec...
Although its public use gradually declined over the next 100 years, it continued to appear in private correspondence, renderings of the Bible, and descriptions of Indian medicine. Assimilation soon became the policy of the United States government. Public use of the Cherokee language—and, indeed,...
100 ce), and the second and third Books of Baruch (c. 100 ce)—are “apocryphal” insofar as they do not belong to the canonical Hebrew Bible. They are extant in Ethiopic, Syriac, Greek, and Latin translations made by Christians rather than in their original Hebrew or Aramaic forms. The...
Aramaicdialectssurvived into Roman times, however, particularly in Palestine andSyria. Aramaic had replaced Hebrew as the language of the Jews as early as the 6th centurybce. Certain portions of theBible—i.e., the books of Daniel and Ezra—are written in Aramaic, as are the Babylonian andJe...
and Latin translations made by Christians rather than in their original Hebrew or Aramaic forms. The reason that the apocalypses survived in this manner seems to be that, after the failure of a series of Jewish revolts against the Roman Empire (i.e., after about 135ce), the rabbis who ...
While believing in the Bible, like all Christians, Smith broke its monopoly on the word of God. The Book of Mormon and the Doctrine and Covenants were added to the canon of scripture, and Smith spoke as if more revelations and translations would accumulate in the future. Smith’s teachings...