Atoms rarely exist independently but they tend to form molecules by combining with other atoms. Molecules of an atom are bound together by electrostatic force. When atoms join together they form covalent bonds that hold the atom together that are not easily broken....
Define electrostatic. What is Coulomb's law? Explain briefly. Explain how the phenomenon known as electromagnetism relates to an electric motor. Explain the mechanism of electrical conduction in metals Briefly describe the phenomenon of magnetization. What is a magnetic dipole? How is its strength de...
The electrostatic force at the first harmonic is nullified when the DC voltage is equal to the contact potential difference between the AFM-tip and the surface. This way a 2D map of the contact potential difference (CPD) (~surface potential) is obtained. Measurements were performed utilizing ...