Martin's Day), while stationed in Neuburg an der Donau, Descartes shut himself in a room with an "oven" (probably a cocklestove)[38] to escape the cold. While within, he had three dreams,[39] and believed that a divine spirit revealed to him a new philosophy. However, it is ...
Just as we believe by faith that the greatest happiness of the next life consists simply in the contemplation of this divine majesty, likewise we experience that we derive the greatest joy of which we are capable in this life from the same contemplation, even though it is much less perfect....
the soul is unitary, and unlike many areas of the brain the pineal gland appeared to be unitary (though subsequent microscopic inspection has revealed it is formed of two hemispheres). Second, Descartes observed that the pineal gland was located near the ventricles. He believed the ...
Tying conclusions to sense experience was more of a British point of view, Francis Bacon, John Locke, et cetera – never mind that empiricists also believed in reason. Descartes was French, and against empiricism he used the Wax Argument: senses tell one that a piece of wax has certain ...
The human body is not a given fact; it is not, as Descartes believed, a machine made up of flesh and bones. The body is acquired, achieved, and learned. It is thus full of mimetic and mnemonic implications. The body remembers, and it doe... RF Narvaez 被引量: 4发表: 2012年 加载...
We can chalk up this discomfort, in large part, to René Descartes. The 17th-century French philosopher believed that a human being was essentially self-contained and self-sufficient; an inherently rational, mind-bound subject, who ought to encounter the world outside her head w...
in the next place, make an orderly review of the notions we have in our minds, and hold as true all and only those which we will clearly and distinctly apprehend. In this way we will observe, first of all, that we exist in so far as it is our nature to think, and at the same...
Similar to Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, Freud believed in the low origin of all high human activities, the sublimation of their desire or instincts in a socially acceptable way. 16_弗洛伊德,韦伯与现代性批判 P4 - 09:27 After WW1, Freud began to believe in the impulse of violence, reducing...
as earlier rationalists had supposed, an all-or-nothing affair issuing in a self-evident finality. Understanding is a matter of degree. What alone would wholly satisfy thought is a system that is at once all-inclusive and so ordered that its parts entail each other. Hegel believed that the...
The Austrian-born philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) and the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976), who are widely regarded as the two most important philosophers of the 20th century, believed that the question of the reality of the external world could be meaningfully posed on...