Dark energy and dark matter are two of the biggest mysteries of modern cosmology, and our understanding of their fundamental nature is incomplete. Many parametrizations of couplings between the two in the continuity equation have been studied in the literature, and observational data from the growth...
Assuming \(c_{t} \neq 0\) and \(d_{t} \neq 0\) without loss of generality, this equation may be reduced to the more useful form $$ q_{t+1} = \biggl(1 + \frac{d_{t}}{c_{t}} \biggr)^{-1} = \biggl(1 + \rho \frac{1-q_{t}}{q_{t}} \biggr)^{-1}, ...
1.A method of deriving motion vectors of a bi-predictive block in a current picture from a motion vector of a co-located block in a reference picture, comprising:selecting a list 1 motion vector of the co-located block in a first list 1 reference picture as the motion vector for deriving...
It is also assumed that the dispersed phase is well described by a `Boltzmann-type' equation and Eulerian `continuity', momentum and fluctuating kinetic energy equations for the dispersed phase are obtained. A k-epsiv turbulence model for the continuous phase is used. A gradient transport model ...
angles is also discussed.A three-dimensional wind field can be constructed using the dual-Doppler equations from FAST data using the two radial velocity estimates and vertical integration of the continuity equation with a boundary condition of no vertical motion at cloud top and the Earth's ...
It is also assumed that the dispersed phase is well described by a "Boltzmann-type" equation and Eulerian "continuity", momentum and fluctuating kinetic energy equations for the dispersed phase are obtained. A k - turbulence model for the continuous phase is used. A gradient transport model is...
This secular equation was derived by expanding directly a six-order determinant originated from the traction-free conditions at the top surface of the layer and the continuity of displacements and stresses through the interface between the layer and the half-space. Since the expansion of this six-...
The continuity and boundary conditions for the resulting self-adjoint integro-differential equation are explicitly constructed. A variational principle is then set up by devising a self-adjoint Lagrangian whose minimum property is equivalent to the symmetrized Boltzmann equation with the associated ...
where ΣLADj is the cumulative leaf area density (m²/m³) from the top of the forest (j = n) down to the height layer j = i+1. The parameter k in Equation (8) represents the average light extinction coefficient (k = 0.2 for near-infrared or infrared signals with wavelengths ...