Stochastic Discount factorCross-EntropyImplied DistributionsOption PricingThis paper analyses two implied methods to determine the pricing function for derivatives when the market is incomplete. First, we consider the choice of an equSocial Science Electronic Publishing...
Derivative of Cross-entropy cost function ∂L∂oi=−∑kyk∂log^yk∂oi=−∑kyk1^yk∂^yk∂oi=−yi(1−^yi)−∑k≠iyk1^yk(−^yk^yi)=−yi(1−^yi)+∑k≠iyk^yi=−yi+yi^yi+^yi∑k≠iyk=^yi∑kyk−yi=^yi−yi∂L∂oi=−∑kyk∂logy^k∂oi...
In analogy to entropy of observable states in the classical dynamic systems, a phase shift, which can be expressed by the unitary quantum derivative operator, leads to a change of qubit states through the phase loops on the surface of the Bloch sphere, and this effect results in the increase...
Complexity of the mutant spectrum can be quantitated by measuring themutation frequency(minimum and maximum), Shannon entropy, and averagegeneticdistances (or Hamming distances), and additional parameters derived from NGS (Gregori et al., 2014;Seifert and Beerenwinkel, 2016) (Box 3.2). To obtain...
The "entropy bit mixing" method. This method mixes (XORs) parameter values represented as raw bit strings drawn from an odd number of parameter vectors. Probabilistically, such composition creates a new random parameter vector, with an overwhelming number of bits being common to the better-performi...
Colored Cross-Correlated Noises Driven Dynamical Systems: Time Dependence of Information Entropy and Its Time DerivativeColored Cross-Correlated Noises Driven Dynamical Systems: Time Dependence of Information Entropy and Its Time DerivativeStochastic processColored...
When I calculate the smooth L1 Loss between two Variable with F.smooth_l1_loss(x, y, reduce=False), I will the get this: However, when switching to nn.SmoothL1Loss(x, y, reduce=False), I have no problem. It's weird man
Singh B, Kumar S, Singh S, Kumar U, Kumar AKM, Saini DS (2024) Electron density distribution using maximum entropy method and conductivity studies of Zr0.85Ho0.10Y0.025Nd0.025O3-x electrolyte ceramic or intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Ionics 30:5495–5512 Article CAS Google Sch...
have determined rates of reactions and energy and entropy of activation for the ene reactions of maleic anhydride with a series of terminal alkenes and cis- and trans-5-decene.20 Nahm and Cheng have used 13C NMR to determine the regioselectivity, endo/exo selectivity and cis/trans selectivity ...
They explained this result by a decrease of the number of conformations that have to be ‘frozen’ in the transition state, which is costly in terms of activation entropy. 3.10.2.2.1(ii) Acyclic nitroxides A drastic change of nitroxide structure was witnessed with the use of the commercially...