Resistance to antidepressant drug treatment remains a major health problem. Animal models of depression are efficient in detecting effective treatments but
For each delta value, we calculated two-way ANOVA with “group” (NC/PC) and “treatment” (ketamine/saline), as factors (p < 0.05; false discovery rate correctionq < 0.05 for the number of regions). We chose to analyse the second and the third time points separately as delta...
Electroconvulsive treatment The idea that convulsions could treat mental illness can be traced to the 16th century, when camphor oil was used to induce convulsions. Seizure-induction by application of electrical current to the human brain was introduced by the Italians Cerletti and Bini in 1938 [4...
mCherry- and hM3Dq-expressing male mice prior to CNO treatment (Fig.5d1; pre-CUS: Kruskal–Wallis test,P = 0.803; post-CUS: Kruskal–Wallis test,P = 0.022). Stimulation of AgRP neurons by CNO (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the reduced sucrose preference in male mice expr...
Indeed, the therapeutic effects of classic antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, require a month or longer to be expressed, with about a third of major depressive disorder patients resistant to treatment. Clinical studies have shown that a low dose of ketamine exhibits ...
(Wohleb et al, 2016). Although currently available antidepressant medications are the mainstay of treatment for patients with major depressive disorder, up to 60% of patients do not achieve adequate response following antidepressant therapy (Fava, 2003). This poor outcome is because of multiple ...
People with chronic depression typically experience less neural activity in the left side of their prefrontal cortex—the mild shocks are meant to increase such activity to match that in the right side. Some of the trial results have even shown that in some cases, mild electrical stimulation can...
treatment other than reddened skin where the electrodes are placed and the occasional headache. Such treatments have been found to change the potential of neurons—in some cases, making them fire more often, and in others less often. People with chronic depression typically experience lessneural ...
The learned helplessness test was performed in a shuttle cage divided equally into two chambers with an auto-controlled guillotine door between the two chambers (Coulbourn Instruments, Holliston, MA) as previously described [38,40]. Mice were subjected to 200 scrambled, inescapable foot shocks (0...
lithium-chloride treatment can suppress this depression-like state in flies. The behavioural changes correlate with reduced serotonin (5-HT) release at the mushroom body (MB) and can be relieved by feeding the antidepressant 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan or sucrose, which results in elevated 5-HT levels...