surface diffusion/ rate-equation modelgrowthWe describe a simple and fast rate-equation model for surface growth during ion beam assisted metal-on-metal deposition. In terms of the rate coefficients the model describes how island detachment and breakup, adatom diffusion and interlayer transitions of ...
The deposition rate (G) is proportional to the ion current (I) and the sputtering yield (S) and is given by the equation G=CIS where C is a proportionality constant based on the characteristics of the particular sputtering chamber used. The ion current may be increased by increasing the ...
electrowinning and electrorefining, the kinetics of electrochemical reactions involved in the process has been extensively researched. Arrhenius-type rate equations, the Butler-Volmer equation, and the empirical
Two approaches were used: 1) deposition estimates based on changes in depth to the argillic horizon along transects from fields to streams and 2) calculations of mass of deposition derived from estimated 100yr upland erosion based on the universal soil loss equation and a sediment delivery ratio...
Effectively, the lung is a network of resistances connected in parallel. The equivalent resistance of such a bronchial tree is calculated using an electrical circuit analogy, with resistance of each bronchiole (Ri) given by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, shown in Eq. (1)....
The recovery was found to be determined by residence time and particle size, while respiratory flow-rate had minor importance in the studied range 1–10 L/s. The instrument will be used to investigate deposition of nanoparticles in patients with respiratory disease. The fast and precise ...
For t+p ⩾ 0.2, the particle transport rate is no longer dominated by inertia but appears to be controlled by a diffusion process. None of the theories examined account for the magnitude of the particle transport rate in this regime. 展开 ...
A new correlation equation for predicting the filter coefficient under unfavorable deposition conditions is presented. By adopting the triangular network model of using the Brownian dynamic simulation method, as the sum of four individual deposition mechanisms, e.g., the Brownian diffusion, the DLVO in...
At high sediment deposition rate, SOC in eroded sediment and former topsoil is rapidly isolated from the atmospheric environment and buried beneath several meters of soil, thus the SOC is in a good state of preservation (Hoffmann et al., 2013). In contrast, at low deposition rate, the ...
After simple rearrangement of Equation (1), one obtains:(2)dCC=−αφdxU By integrating Equation (2), fine particle concentration can be written as:(3)C=b⋅e−αφUxwhere b is a constant and equal to the influent fine particle concentration, C0 (kg/m3). Equation (3) is thus ...