The meaning of density is a measure of how compact matter is. In simple terms, how much "stuff" is squeezed into a space. The more "stuff," or matter, is squeezed into a space, the denser it will be. What density means in science is a comparison of the mass of an object to its...
Titanium is widely distributed andconstitutes0.44 percent ofEarth’s crust. The metal is found combined in practically all rocks, sand, clay, and other soils. It is also present in plants and animals, natural waters and deep-sea dredgings, andmeteoritesandstars. The two prime commercial minerals...
We do not give any derivations and merely state the most important results and explain their meaning. An overview of popular density functionals is given in Sec. 2.3. Algorithms to compute spectra and excited state properties are reviewed in Sec. 3. We mostly describe the steps necessary in a...
This question in KS–DFT translates to another one: what meaning is there to the KS orbitals and their eigenvalues? The interpretation of KS orbitals has been a longstanding problem of DFT. Recent investigations of this problem have demonstrated that there are similarities as well as differences ...
In essence, plate-tectonic theory is elegantly simple. Earth’s surface layer, 50 to 100 km (30 to 60 miles) thick, is rigid and is composed of a set of large and small plates. Together, these plates constitute the lithosphere, from the Greek lithos, meaning “rock.” The lithosphere ...
We found no probability density contours in Figure 21a, meaning that the spurious solutions, as shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18a, were discriminated by the 3-D KDDE. As the depth z increased from 0.35 to 4.25 km, many probability density contours/ridges appeared, as shown in Figure 21b...
The asthenosphere, from the Greek word asthenes meaning "weak", is a portion of the Earth's mantle that flows like molten plastic despite being solid. Understanding the location, behavior and composition of the asthenosphere is key to understanding plate tectonic theory and earthquakes. The layers...
are extremely subtle and can only be seen using specialized equipment and processes. Otherwise, theelements that make up natural diamondsare essentially the same as those that make up their lab-grown counterparts, meaning both types of these rare crystals have the same physical and chemical ...
In order to assess the statistical meaning of the frequency of the occurrence of at least one Jupiter-like planet around a star in the BPMG, we did the following. We considered sequences of 20 stars and assumed a probabilityxthat each of these stars has a Jupiter-like planet. We then ...
because an impact would have completely punctured the moon's crust had there been liquid beneath it. Based on this, the researchers estimate that Mimas's ocean is 25 million years old. That's just a sixth of the Atlantic Ocean's age, meaning the ocean is still in its early stages of ...