Density currents are continuous currents which move down-slope due to the fact that their density is greater than that of ambient water. The density difference is caused by temperature differences, chemical elements, dissolved materials, or suspended sediment. Many researchers have studied the density...
During the time period between 1 June 2006 12 UTC and 4 June, 6 UTC density currents are evident in the measurements on 2 June, 19 UTC and 3 June, 18 UTC by increasing dew point temperatures Td and surface wind speeds. The increase of Td caused by the density currents is reproduced ...
A major hazard during the eruption of explosive volcanoes is the formation of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Casualties and physical building damage from PDCs are caused by the temperature, pressure, and particle load of the flow. This paper examines the vulnerability of buildings and ...
a Experimentally measured im–vm plot from a lateral VO2 thin film with electrodes separated by 16 µm. b Schematic of the device structure. c–e Temperature (T) maps of the VO2 film with applied voltages (from a voltage source), along with the measured currents noted. f–h ...
Pyroclastic density currents are ground hugging gas-particle flows that originate from the collapse of an eruption column or lava dome. They move away from the volcano at high speed, causing devastation. The impact is generally associated with flow dynamic pressure and temperature. Little emphasis ha...
The saturation current comprises the generation current caused by thermal generation of electron-hole pairs inside the depletion region and the diffusion current due to minority carriers diffusing across the depletion region [1]. Both of these currents are a strong function of temperature as follows:...
Pyroclastic density currents are one of the deadliest hazards produced by a volcano. Understanding their dynamics and generation mechanisms is critical for developing better hazard mitigation strategies. This study presents a method for retrieving velocity profiles across a natural moving PDC, applied here...
Tides in the ionosphere are spatiotemporal variations in electric fields, currents, and plasma density in the ionosphere primarily due to dynamo effects generated by solar and lunar tidal motions in the neutral background atmosphere. Tidal winds in the low and middle latitude E-region move the par...
These observations demonstrate the inception of ripping up clasts from the substrate by the pyroclastic density currents (e.g., La Berge et al. 2006). UA1 and UA5 are characterised by sudden lateral variations of thickness, passing from 5–10 cm (veneer facies) to up to 100 cm (lobe ...
These baffles, situated along the outer wall of the tank, facing inward and downward, are designed to redirect these currents back towards the center of the tank and thus away from the effluent channel. In the past several attempts have been made to design effective bafflers for such ...