Several central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders have been described in humans including, multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis, extrapontine myelinolysis). The primary cellular...
Activity of the disease process is reflected by the presence of lesions with ongoing myelin destruction. Axonal and neuronal destruction in the lesions is a major substrate for permanent neurologic deficit in MS patients. The MS pathology is qualitatively similar in different disease stages, such as...
Inc All rights reserved 0023-6837/12 $32.00 Estriol preserves synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during autoimmune demyelinating disease Marina O Ziehn1,2, Andrea A Avedisian2, Shannon M Dervin2, Thomas J O'Dell3 and Rhonda R Voskuhl2 Cognitive deficits occur in over half of multiple scl...
18.6.1. CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cells (T Regs) While CD4+ T cells are traditionally regarded as pathogenic in MS, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells (T regs) have emerged as major players in inhibiting autoimmune disease in humans and in rodent models. Suppression by T regs is critical in ...
The hypothesis that MS is an autoimmune disease caused by myelin-specific CD4 T cells comes from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS (Gold et al., 2000). The CD4 T cell repertoire is selected in humans by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules, ...
The initial clinical symptoms became apparent in October 2002. Arrows indicate confirmed clinical relapses; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; and stars, time points when the frequencies of B lymphocytes were analyzed. Neuroimaging and therapy data Disease activity was monitored by frequent MRI ...
Active EAN and "adoptive-transfer EAN", for example, reflect the Th1-dominated stages of GBS [12, 13] whereas immunisation with a single large dose of PNS myelin or galactocerebrosides in complete Freund's adjuvants lead to a chronic progressive or relapsing disease course, compatible with ...
in early loss of ambulation in the setting of severe weakness and sensory loss. Most commonly, CMT presents as a sensory motor neuropathy, though primarily sensory and motor forms (hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy and distal hereditary motor neuropathy, respectively) can also occur. Disease ...
There are no records of plant bufadienolide genins being used clinically, or of cardenolide genins used therapeutically in humans, nor of cardiac genins used in treatment of neurological disease. A toad bufadienolide genin (cinobufagin) was administered to patients with atrial fibrillation. Intra...
Methods of modifying disease progression of a neurodegenerative disease or condition associated with demyelination, insufficient myelination, or underdevelopment of myelin sheath ar