Products may lead the production of paper items requires more energy andSecondly the paper bag requires about 10% more energy and four water Producing a paper compared to producing a plastic one You might say t
supplier and trader engagement; transparency and accountability; production landscapes; and government and stakeholder engagement. The Coalition has publishedroad maps and implementation guidancefor palm oil, pulp and paper and soy. For more information on our progress as a member of the Coalition, see...
Epule TE, Peng C, Lepage L, Chen Z (2012a) Rainfall and deforestation dilemma for cereal Production in the Sudano-Sahel of Cameroon. J Agric Sci 4(2):1–9. : 10.5539/jas.v4n2p1Epule, T.E.; Peng, C.; Lepage, L.; Zhi, C. Rainfall and deforestation dilemma for ...
Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic ones. Paper products can be harmful to our planet and are often more expensive, leading to a lose-lose situation for both the environment and business. Is ther...
Already 60 percent of international trade is in vegetable oils.[15. UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service. “Oil palm plantations: threats and opportunities for tropical ecosystems. December 2011.”www.unep.org] Malaysia and Indonesia are responsible for 90 percent of palm oil production. Indonesia...
for example, has the potential to contribute to positive carbon–climate feedback because higher air temperatures may reduce photosynthesis46,47and increase autotrophic respiration, leading to lower levels of net primary production and forest cover in nearby areas. Warming and drying also promote drought...
Section 5 presents the implications of our results for deforestation patterns. The final section concludes and discusses the results. 2 Data and context 2.1 Data Sources We use data covering the universe of soy exports, soy production, and foreign demand from 2004 to 2017. Soy firm-level ...
These people include: indigenous and other forest-dependent people who live in and around forests where commodity agriculture is expanding [19]; laborers that work directly for companies involved in commodity production or processing; and smallholders that produce commodities and sell them to the ...
136). Actors at all levels of forest-risk supply chains from production to retail have now adopted these commitments. For instance, current forest commitments cover an estimated 83% of Southeast Asia’s palm oil refining capacity (ten Kate et al., 2020). In Brazil, the world’s other ...
substantially exposed to rubber-related deforestation. In addition, the lack of traceability information at present provides a further argument for the inclusion of rubber in regulatory processes to drive traceability efforts and to provide an opportunity for supply chains to support sustainable production...