In general circulation models andglobal climate models, the state and properties of theatmosphereare specified or computed at a number of discrete locations and heights. When thetopographyof thecontinentsis explicitly represented, the altitudes of these locations are set above the simulated ground level...
Tools for identifying the geographical distribution of functional types are also discussed, including global maps, geographic information systems (GISs), and remote sensing technologies, along with the utility of global circulation and chemical transport models. A functional-type approach to the ...