In particular, it seems reasonable to define gapless phases of matter in this way as (a) local unitaries do not change long-ranged entanglement properties, which intuitively define phase (b) unlike the Hamiltonian case, we do not need to worry about excitations to higher energy levels. Is th...
All the greats of physics were involved. Starting with Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, and Max Born, concepts like the uncertainty principle, indeterminacy, and quantum entanglement were increasingly mathematically formulated and began dominating scientific ...