Cytoplasm:A typical eukaryotic cell has three major components that define its structure. These are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cytoplasm comprises a semifluid, colloidal ground substance known as the cytosol. The cytosol contains many different cellular structures that are suspended...
However, members of a novel class of nucleotide exchange factors in the ER and in the cytoplasm have recently been identified that act on the ER lumen and cytoplasmic Hsp70 proteins, respectively. Although first uncovered in yeast and named Sls1p and Fes1p, we report here that the class of ...
The first layer is represented by vesicle tethering that captures the trafficking vesicle and brings it close to the target membrane. It is mediated by tethering factors that are transiently recruited from the surrounding cytoplasm and released when the trafficking step is completed6,7,8. Tethering ...
Transcription of stress-response genes in the nucleus and autophagy in the cytoplasm are also attenuated by the pro-aging cAMP/PKA (cAMP/protein kinase A) signaling pathway, which overlaps with the TOR pathway [18,19,137,154,201,203]. The fragmentation of a tubular mitochondrial network into ...