and intensity change. This module will instead focus on advances in TC observing techniques and strategies over the last ~15years around the world, and provide a glimpse at some future directions. The descriptions are divided into three categories of TC observing technologies and applications: airbor...
Despite particularly warm ocean waters, only 6% of categories 1–5 cyclones approached their maximum potential intensity. However, extreme intensities (05B at 155 knots in 1999) are comparable to other basins despite lower in terms of activity level. The proximity of land limits most cyclones ...
in this study, we define tropical depression (TD) as a system with wind speed from 10 to 33 knots, tropical storms (TS) as systems with wind between 34 and 63 knots, and the hurricane categories 1–5 (CAT1, CAT2, CAT3, CAT4, and CAT5) are adopted from the Saffir-Simpson scale....
The forecast generation process of RSMC at New Delhi utilizes the TC forecasts from three different categories of NWP systems: individual deterministic models, single model ensemble prediction system (EPS), and multi-model ensemble (MME). The deterministic models include (i) NCEP-GFS, a 12-km an...
In the Atlantic basin, the quantile regression for ADT-HURSAT and IBTrACS yields similar results for extreme intensity changes. For both observational datasets, the 95th percentile shows the largest trend. This quantile increases by over +4 knots decade−1in ADT-HURSAT and +3 knots decade−...
On the other hand, for TCs of weak-to-medium intensity (categories 1–3; Figure 10a–d and Figure 11a), the heatmap values were greater toward the outside regions of the TCs than toward their centers, as the eyes of these TCs were not clear in the satellite images. Figure 10. ...
Figure 1. Number of cyclonic systems of all categories formed in different months during 1974–2019. The numbers on the bars indicate the number of systems in that month. The percentage of the deviations calculated from the histograms falling between –80% knots to +80% knots of the validati...
According to the best track data, the storm with the highest intensity is Typhoon Halong (2019), which reached 160 knots, i.e., 82.2 m/s. Figure 2. The locations of 41 TC cases investigated in this work and their categories (Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale) provided by the best ...
Figure 1.The track and intensity of Hurricanes Dennis and Katrina. The symbols shown in (a) were plotted every 6 h and the colors denote storm intensity categories on the Saffir–Simpson scale (category 1, green; category 2, light green; category 3, yellow; category 4, dark orange; catego...