Let G=(V,A) be an arbitrary directed graph, with |V|=n and |A|=m. In order to obtain a first IP formulation for cycle selections, we introduce the “natural” arc variables βi,j∈{0,1}, where βi,j=1 if arc (i,j) is selected and 0 otherwise, for all (i,j)∈A. The...
A graph is, at least, weakly connected when there is an undirected path (disregarding the directions in a directed graph) between any two nodes If a directed graph provides the opposite oriented path for each available path, the graph is strongly connected If there are one or more paths betw...
Machine learning (ML) has become the prevalent practice in the field of predictive modeling in mechanical systems, which allows the identification of performance patterns and detection of early signs of a malfunction. The use of MS together with conventional mechanical approaches like finite element ev...
A cycle is the simplest structure that brings redundant paths in network connectivity and feedback effects in network dynamics. An in-depth understanding of which cycles are important and what role they play on network structure and dynamics, however, is
Steam Rankine cycle is known as one of the main power-generating cycles, which consists of four key devices, namely a boiler (heat exchanger), a steam turbine, a condenser (heat exchanger), and a pump, as illustrated in Fig. 28. This cycle needs heat input for the boiler either by bur...
The co-expression of these genes occurs in breast cancer patients highlighting their clinical significance as predictive biomarkers for CDK2-targeted therapies. In cancer models that are genetically independent of CDK2, pharmacological inhibitors suppress cell proliferation by inducing 4N cell cycle arrest...
It relies on building a directed graph, wherein objects are the nodes of the graph. An arc (also called "edge") is directed from a second object to a first object, the latter depending on the second object according to dependence relations of the PLM system. Thus, the update can be ...
Most often we are interested in cycle-maximal graphs for fixed minimum girth g, especially the case g≥4, cycle-maximal triangle-free graphs. It is easy to prove (see Lemma 2.4) that a cycle-maximal triangle-free graph, if large enough to have any cycles at all, is also maximal ...
A notable difference in sugar partitioning, particularly mannoheptulose, was found between flooded and non-flooded Guatemalan trees, with the former exhibiting lower levels directed towards the roots. Distinct clustering of flooded trees by race was evident from principal component analysis, utilizing ...
A cyclin-binding motif in human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) E1^E4 is necessary for association with CDK–cyclin complexes and G2/M cell cycle arrest of keratinocytes, but is not required for differentiation-dependent viral genome amplification or L1 capsid protein expression...