for example, there were nearly 1,400 publicly reported cyberattacks in schools, nearly doubling the number of incidents reported just two years earlier in 2019 — and things aren’t looking much better for the future. And this only represents publicly disclosed...
For example, what to do when a computer is infected with malware. Tactical Assessments Tactical assessments are real-time assessments of events, investigations, and activities that provide day-to-day support. Properly applied cyber threat intelligence provides insights into cyber threats and promotes a...
Example of the structure of the knowledge graph for calculating the heuristic risk value for the focal entity o. The focal entity is connected to industry I and country C. The rest of the graph is populated with entities h, f, g and j as well as industry i and country c. The recorded...
Another common social engineering scam isdomain name spoofing(also called DNS spoofing), in which cybercriminals use a fake website or domain name that impersonates a real one—for example, ‘‘applesupport.com’’ for support.apple.com—to trick people into entering sensitive information. Phishin...
For example, cyber-incident reporting and processing can often suffer from underreporting or incorrect reporting in practice [24]. A discussion of the cyber-security risk landscape would not be complete without mentioning cyber-risk insurance. The existing research literature [25] illustrates that ...
An incident response plan, for example, provides guidance for your team during the phases of detection, containment, investigation, remediation, and recovery. Who’s behind data breaches? The average person might assume the files on a company database are a bunch of boring documents, but hackers...
Modelling cyber incident losses with a (modified) GEV distribution is advantageous, since the derivation of a claim requirement from an actuarial perspective is straightforward. We demonstrate this by an example. An insurer wants to offer a cyber policy for all loss types for organisations with 10...
s status changes. Understanding that insider threat as a human error or anomaly within requirements of data security helps us to set up policies on credentials of persons who have access to confidential data. For example, to implement Just In Time (JIT) credentials. JIT helps to avoid ...
Data security tools, such asencryptionanddata loss prevention(DLP) solutions, can help stop security threats in progress or mitigate their effects. For example, DLP tools can detect and block attempted data theft, while encryption can make it so that any data that hackers steal is useless to ...
There are plenty of future research opportunities to further develop quantitative approaches. With better and more data, more accurate models can be designed, for example by including both cyber incident data and corporate financial data as proposed by Palsson et al. (2020) or by using network mo...