If damage extends too far down the tree to allow natural leader replacement, bending a small branch upwards forces a replacement for the tree's top. Limbs of an inch or less in diameter bend easily. An upright wooden brace fixed to the side of the trunk provides a vertical guide for lash...
but it remained less diverse than the reference watershed; whereas, the clear-cut watershed had lower diversity than the other two watersheds, and its diversity did not change over time. Distributions of functional groups based on water use and nutrient acquisition ...
Following logging the breakdown rate of dogwood leaves was equal to the pre-treatment rate, and white oak and rhododendron leaves broke down faster than prior to treatment. We attribute the slow breakdown during treatment to burial of the leaf packs in sediment. Subsequent acceleration may have ...