In (a), the Berry curvature of band 6 is shown in the vicinity of point H, in (b) the Berry curvature of band 7 in the same volume. We have identified three types of Berry curvature flow based on its dimension denoted (0D, 1D, 2D). Figure 2 Flow of the Berry curvature vector ...
The measures of tangent angle and curvature of a digital curve play an important role in image analysis such as corner detection, 1D shape representation and shape signature in the Generalized Hough Transform. Instead of using the discrete measurement approach, the least-squares method is employed ...
aDorsal view images of aDrosophilaadult (top) and a 14 hAPF pupa (bottom). Arrows, the position of the adult neck. Yellow box, region imaged in (b).bTime-lapse 3D images of Ecad::3xGFP at 18, 21, and 24 hAPF during neck fold formation. See also Supplementary Movie1. 1–3 Close-...
The conformation of a buckled or folded closed ring of small cross-section is described by the centre line passing through the centre of gravity of its cross-section, and is represented by a closed curve of equation r(s) where s is the arc length coordinate. The centre line can also be...
a , define a differential structure in terms of a differential graded algebra \((\omega ,\textrm{d})\) of ‘differential forms’, then a quantum metric \(g\in \omega ^1\mathop {{\otimes }}_a\omega ^1\) , then a quantum levi-civita or other connection \(\nabla :\omega ^1\...
aCusps or points of local curvature discontinuity could form at the offset distance d if the local maximum curvature at the original curve is 1=k < d (see Fig. 1d). 如果地方最大曲度在原始的曲线是1=k < d看见,尖顶或点地方曲度间断性可能形成在 (偏距d。 1d).[translate]...
A 1D section of only one of the focal surfaces is represented (see text). In order to minimize the total energy, the focal surfaces, which are generically 2D defects, degenerate into focal lines (1D). It can be shown [96, 97] that these lines are necessarily a pair of conjugate ...
These points are characterized by changes in curvature sign on a smooth plane curve, shifting between concave and convex shapes. The number of inflection points plays a pivotal role in the modeling process. Consequently, it becomes imperative to engage in discussions tailored to specific circumstances...
1 because of its large curvature. The wrinkle could still be twisted graphene bilayer with a finite interlayer coupling and, of course, the large bending of the wrinkle also can result in a local slide of two graphene sheets relative to each other, then the two graphene sheets may become ...
Daily-life foldable items, such as popup tents, the curved origami sculptures exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art of New York, overstrained bicycle wheels, released bilayered microrings and strained cyclic macromolecules, are made of rings buckled or f