27]. The addition of a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) domain carrying an inducible IL-12 cassette initiated the fourth generation of CARs, also referred to as T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing
The autologous T cells can be genetically engineered to express CARs, which combine the antigen recognition domains of antibodies with T-cell activation domains derived from the CD3ζ chain and costimulatory receptors, such as CD28 and 4-1BB [55]. This enables CAR-T cells to specifically target...
Perhaps the greatest source of demand for palladium is from the automobile industry, where the metal is used in catalytic converters for cars (especially diesel engines), meaning a rise or fall in automobile manufacturing can also have an effect on the palladium spot price. What currency is the...
Second, car crashes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, both to car occupants and to other users of the roadway [48,49,50]. Car-centric environments caused partly by excess parking are more dangerous for people both in and outside of cars [50, 51]. Third, driving is a ...
(i.e., pornographic material where the faces of other people are swapped in without their consent) has already harmed many people, particularly women, and has become the center of a growing body of interdisciplinary research. On the other hand, can AI open the door to creating new and ...
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disorder characterized by abnormal myofibroblast activation, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and thickening of fibrotic alveolar walls, resulting in deteriorated lung function. PF is init
Automotive industry demand: platinum is used in catalytic converters for diesel cars. Rising demand from this sector may drive up the price. Investment demand: platinum is regarded as a safe investment, just like gold. In uncertain economic times, demand increases. ...
It has robust GDP - and productivity-growth rates for a mature economy; deep and liquid financial markets with strong creditor and shareholder rights; a stable macroeconomic environment; and a currency that has de facto been the global reserve currency and has provided a...
the automotive sector—at least the retail part—have become more adept at pushing for ‘things.’ Sometimes, these ‘things’ assist us. Sometimes, they hurt us. Overall, they become part of the sea of confusion aimed at making selling cars easier (place a big opinion asterisk at the end...
Second, we used the UNDP (2020)’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) which measures gender inequalities in three important aspects of human development—reproductive health (i.e., maternal mortality ratio and adolescent birth rates), empowerment (i.e., proportion of parliamentary seats occupied by ...