According to equation (1), the sum of the leakage currents Izand the compensation current Icis a constant amount given by Vr/R. The loop current will remain essentially constant as input voltage varies. By maintaining the current associated with leakages constant, outside variations are not intro...
A collector-emitter voltage VCE of a transistor QN to be measured is applied by the voltage source V1. A collector current IC of the transistor QN is expressed by an equation IC =(V2-V1)/R1. By measuring the voltage V0, subsequently, a large current amplification factor hFE is ...
The configuration shown in Figure 2b adds an offset to allow smaller currents to be measured. The relationship between output voltage and monitor current, based on an amplifier gain of 20 V/V, can be calculated as Equation 2: (2) For example, using resistances,R1andR2, of 9800 Ω and ...
An equation is given in Figure 7-1. In 3-wire RTD connections, an additional resistor, RLIN2, is required. As with the 2-wire RTD application, RLIN1 provides positive feedback for linearization. RLIN2 provides an offset canceling current to compensate for wiring resistance encountered in ...
STEP 2: Calculate the parallel resistor, R(P) value by using Equation 5. The parallel resistor R(P) is recommended to consume 50% of the total current at maximum supply voltage and minimum LED-string forward voltage. R(P) V(SUPPLY) V(CS _ REG) 0.5 u I(LED) V(OUT) 13.2 0.098 3...
Range of acceptable input currents 4. Maximum load resistance 5. Input resistance 6. Output resistance Current Gain. The current gain (AI) can be initially described with the basic gain equation, Equation (2.1): AI=output currentinput current=iLiI Current iL is composed of the two current...
The ZCS converters create a zero-current turn-off of the transistor (suitable for transistors with a slow turn-off speed, like IGBTs). The maximum voltage stress on the switch is 2Vg; the current through the switch, larger than the load current, increases with the line, creating an additi...
There are sufficient calculations for model 3), which is an extension of model 1) only. Model 2) cannot be discussed in a closed form without knowledge of the ionization coefficients in the Townsend equation at high temperatures. There are two other models with possible low voltage state, but...
b. said first winding having a third plurality of taps intermediate said first and second ends thereof; c. a transistor switch connected between each respective said electrode and one of said taps and first and second ends of said first winding, all said switches configured to switch in unison...
Thus, one can determine ILr0 from the line equation that represents the instantaneous current through Cc, that is, iCc(t) during the interval [t2, t4] in Figure 4, resulting in (30). 𝐼𝐿𝑟0=(𝑉𝐶𝑐−𝑉𝑜𝑎)(1−𝐷)2𝐿𝑟𝑓𝑠.ILr0=VCc−Voa1−D2Lrfs....