Chapter 6) found that published estimates of emissions for various natural sources totaled over 70 TgCH4/year, almost three times top-down estimates that included both natural and anthropogenic Arctic emissions. At the global scale, Saunois
Operation and Maintenance Costs Equation (3), which is used in this study, yields the Kopex(VSC); the B of the DC submarine cable equals 0.5%, I is 5%, and n is 240 months. 6.2.3. Cost of Losses The converter station loss Ksub(loss) and line loss Kline(loss) make up the loss...