This chapter aims to answer the following questions regarding the incubation period of COVID-19. Why is understanding the incubation period of COVID-19 important? How long is the incubation time, and what are the associating factors? How should the incubation period be modeled given the current...
that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients during their incubation periods can effectively transmit SARS-CoV-2 [51,52], which is different from SARS-CoV because most SARS-CoV cases are infected by ‘superspreaders’ and SARS-CoV cases cannot infect susceptible persons during the incubation period [53]....
8. Prevention and control strategies of COVID-19 to date 9. Emerging strategies for COVID-19 10. Challenges in pandemic diseases 11. Update and summary CRediT authorship contribution statement Funding Ethics approval Declaration of competing interest Acknowledgements ReferencesShow full outline Cited by...
Co-formulation with permeation enhancers is a promising strategy to enable the oral administration of peptide drugs. Semaglutide conjugated with C18fatty acid was approved for administration by once-weekly subcutaneous injection276,277, with greater plasma stability than other GLP-1 analogues. Even more ...
time when the global economy is badly affected by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The use of face mask and other rubber products such as rubber gloves led to the generation of additional rubber waste, which is normally incinerated or sent to licensed landfill sites after sterilization [112,113...
COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious disease. The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak to be a global public health emergency. Currently, the research on SARS-CoV-2 is in its primary stages. Based on current published evidence, this revie...
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the aquatic environment pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic has been a global concern. Though SARS-CoV-2 is known as a respirat
elucidated. In spite of this, it is known that effective immunological actions are essential to control viral replication and dissemination, cellular inflammation and tissue injury, and many studies have reported that the immune response of the host influences the severity of COVID-19 [9,36,37,...
mRNA vaccines, which have received great focus since the COVID-19 pandemic, have shown substantial advancements against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. However, progress in mRNA vaccines for respiratory bacterial diseases currently lags behind [83,84]. Phage vaccines are another current focus in ...