The CTLs (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes) are able to kill these cells by inducing a programmed cell death known as apoptosis (Ref. 3 & 4). CTLA4 is an essential negative regulator of T-cell activation. It is not constitutively expressed but is upre...
administering molecules that block endogenous costimulatory (B7) interactions with cytotoxic t lymphocytes(CTLA4) and/or CD28 antigensThe present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating cardiovascular system diseases by administering to a subject soluble CTLA4 molecules that block endogenous...
1 Once activated, these T cells transiently up-regulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on their cell surface, which interacts with the same costimulatory molecules but now serves to inhibit cell cycle progression and IL-2 production.2,3 Thus, CTLA4 signaling provides negative...
CD28 family of costimulatory receptors is comprised of molecules with a single V-type extracellular Ig domain, a transmembrane and an intracytoplasmic region with signaling motifs. CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) homologs have been recently identified in rainbow trout. Other sequence...
信号是T细胞表面分子CD28/细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相 关抗原4(cytotoxicTlymphocyticassociatedantigen4,CT2 LA4,CD152)与APC表面B7分子相互作用产生的共刺 激信号,为抗原非特异性的 1 。其中,CTLA4对T细胞 激活有较强的抑制作用 2 。1991年由Linsley等 3 采
The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4, also known as CD152) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on activated T lymphocytes. T-cell activation requires two signals. Signal 1 is delivered upon interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with antigenic peptides bound to major histo...
Many studies have shown the central importance of the co-receptors CD28, inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in the regulation of many aspects of T-cell function. CD28 and ICOS have both overlapping and distinct functions in the positive regulation...
(PTPN22) gene, which is involved in intracellular T cell receptor signalling [8,9] and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) [8,10]. Due to its important role in immune regulation and tolerance,CTLA4been posited as a general autoimmune susceptibility locus by several authors [10...
Zheng, P., and Liu, Y. (1997). Costimulation by B7 modulates specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a missing link that explains some bystander T cell activation. J Exp Med 186, 1787–91. Zheng, P., Wu, Y., Guo, Y., Lee, C., and Liu, Y. (1998). B7-CTLA4 interaction enhance...
blocks the binding of CTLA4 to B7, regulates (e.g., down-regulates) the activity of CTLA4 or the level of CTLA4, relieves the immunosuppression on the body by CTLA4, activates T lymphocytes, increases the expression of IL-2 in T lymphocytes; and/or increases the expression of IFN-γ in...