Crude oil exploitations also known as upstream operations comprise various steps of exploration, extraction, storage, transportation and refinement (Masnadi et al., 2018b) which can seriously affect human health
A process for desalting a crude oil comprises (1) injecting steam into the oil to form a steam-injected oil; (2) adding water to the steam- injected oil to form a mixture; (3) introducing the mixture to a desalter; (4) inducing the formation of aqueous phase and oil phase; and (...
Accordingly, we report in this study the preparation of both light and heavy crude oil/water emulsions using different concentrations of the rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The emulsions were prepared in a two-step process: stirring overnight to create coarse emulsions followed by sonication. All the ...
L. FCC process with improved yield of light olefins. US patent US6538169 (2000). Chaohe, Y., Xiaobo, C., Jinhong, Z., Chunyi, L. & Honghong, S. Advances of two-stage riser catalytic cracking of heavy oil for maximizing propylene yield (TMP) process. Appl. Petrochem. Res. 4, 435...
Therefore, the presence of –NH to –COOH groups at the oil/brine surface is related to BNANR. For the rock/brine surface species, the phase proportion is usually considered to be 0.1 for simulation applications32. This means that 0.1 of the moles of minerals participates in the formation ...
Oil is a continuous phase, resulting in difficulty of crude oil desalination and dehydration. In the process of heavy oil exploitation or transportation, the formation of oil in water emulsion by adding surfactants can significantly reduce the viscosity of heavy oil and reduce the flow resistance ...
of spillsofcrude oilandsome heavyfueloilsis the rapid formation of water-in-oil emulsions which [...] itopf.com itopf.com 原油和一些重质燃油泄漏事件的一个共同特征就是会迅速形成水 混油乳状液,这些乳状液的特点常常是呈现为棕 色 / 橙色并粘着在一起的漂浮层状(图 ...
(vapour pressure) may range from <1 kPa up to atmospheric pressure or even above. Furthermore, other crude oil properties like viscosity play an important role for vapour pressure measurement. A higher viscosity significantly influences the degassing process and delays the formation of a ...
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1. A method for optimizing a processing combination for upgrading a hydrocarbon charge material which comprises selecting from a crude oil source by distillation a hydrocarbon fraction boiling throughout the range of from about 650° F. to about 1,100° F., ...