Using Monte Carlo simulation, we investigate the behavior of fit statistics for identifying non-invariance when the target measurement model is the same for both groups, and the source of non-invariance is the presence and magnitude of non-zero cross-loadings in one group, but not in another....
To test the model, 5000 bootstraps were run using PLS-SEM. The results are displayed in Table10. Word of mouth positively influences Gen Z’s perception of local food, according to the data from the Table10(\(\beta\)=0.280;\(p<\)0.001), and it also positively affects Gen Y’s att...
This study employed a paper-and-pencil survey and recruited 1441 medical students in a Chinese university. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with SmartPLS 3.0 was used to analyze the data. Results The results reveal that media stories have multi-layered impacts on medical students’ profe...
The data were used to perform a SEM analysis aiming to test the validity of the model presented in Figure 1 and better conceptualized in Figure 2. More precisely, the partial least squares approach was adopted using the Smart PLS 3.0 software, which is adequate for exploratory studies. Our ...
Data analysis was conducted in IBM’s SPSS and AMOS software using maximum likelihood covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the model. CB-SEM was chosen over common alternatives because of its capacity to handle latent variables (a limitation of path analysis) and its capaci...
The assessment of the measurement model consists of three fundamental elements: reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. To evaluate reliability, it is imperative that the factor loadings, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s α values for every variable surpass the minimum requirement...
Cross-loadings are common in multidimensional instruments; however, they cannot be appropriately addressed in conventional structural equation modeling (SEM) owing to the assumption of zero cross-loadings in standard confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Although it has been proposed that exploratory ...
Evaluation and Comparison of SEM, ESEM, and BSEM in Estimating Structural Models with Potentially Unknown Cross-loadingsABSTRACTXiayan WeiJiasheng HuangLijin ZhangDeng PanJunhao Pan
1. Unlike in longitudinal research, the data were gathered once from each respondent. We used the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. Download: Download high-res image (494KB) Download: Download full-size image Fig. 1. Research framework. 3.1....
Under the premise of good model fit of the CFA model in the scale, the convergent validity (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) of each dimension of the scale will be further examined. The testing process involves calculating the standardized factor loadings of each measurement item on the corr...