4.1Critical raw materials concept and current status Critical raw materials(CRM) have been gathering relevance in urban mining andcircular economyresearch. The term “critical” resurfaces in place of “strategic”, which nations had already discussed decades ago. Jacobson et al. [17] include the ...
(CRMA) on March 16, 2023, as part of its broader “Green Industrial Plan” and in conjunction with a “Net-Zero Industry Act” (NZIA), with the intent to reduce the EU’s dependence on critical raw materials (CRMs) and foster a sustainable level playing field for the EU’s CRM value...
Sufficient supplies of critical raw materials (CRMs) for rapidly developing technologies, e.g., Li-ion batteries, wind turbines, photovoltaics, digitization, etc., have become one of the main economic challenges for the EU. Due to growing import dependency and associated risk of supply disruptions...
Increasing recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a strategic priority to mitigate supply risks. Today, CRM recovery rates are generally low, with increases requiring new recovery processes and interface optimisation with pre-processing to ensu...
THE EUROPEAN CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS REGULATION The Proposed CRM Regulation has the following objectives: to strengthen the different stages of the European strategic raw materials value chain, in particular by setting benchmarks for domestic extraction, processing and recycling of strategic raw...
This report evaluates the substitution options of nine critical raw materials (CRM) (Eu, Tb, Y, In, Ga, Ge, Nd, Pr and Dy) required in lighting, wind turbines and electric vehicles applications. Substitution has been considered from many... P Claudiu,M Alain,AD Patricia,... 被引量: ...
If systematically addressed, LCA can provide such CRM information routinely at inventory level. Inclusion of further indicators under the Area of Protection (AoP) "Resources" in LCA may also ensure such assessments more systematically address issues such as criticality. In strategic analysis, as those...
Innovative product design and reusing, recycling and remanufacturing products can help to deal with a raw materials shortage. But this can only provide an integrated solution if we keep CRMs in the loop through smarter CRM management. The starting point is to identify CRMs in products. It is no...
CRM Critical Raw Materials EI Economic Importance EOL-RIR End of Life Recycling Input Rate GVA Gross Added Value HHI Herfindahl Hirschman Index IR Import Reliance JRC Joint Research Centre MSA Material System Analysis NACE Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community PPI Po...
[15]. Whilst progress has been significant, it is worth noting that the majority of the recent reports involved catalysts containing critical raw materials (CRMs), such as platinum, palladium, and cobalt [16,17], with limited reports of AEMFCs containing CRM-free cathodes (Fig. S1 and Table...