a, Schematic representation of cellular energy metabolism. Cells cultured in a glucose-rich environment produce ATP through both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration (left panel). Substituting glucose with galactose or depriving glucose compels cells to primarily generate ATP through glutamine dependent ...
The activation mapping process started by moving the catheter throughout the heart during VT, recording electrogram and marking catheter location at each site, and measuring the timing of each electrogram (top left panel, orange lines) against a fiduciary point in the surface ECG (red line in ...
How ROS induces drug tolerance and persistence is not well understood, but it has been shown that ROS can corrupt iron-sulfur-containing enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle21,22, which can result in lower respiration and ATP depletion44,62. Echinocandins’ killing activity may be...