Activation by YEL of nonselective Ca2+-permeable cation channels was impaired in cpk6-2 guard cells, and transient elevations elicited by YEL in cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration were suppressed in cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 guard cells. YEL activated slow anion channels in wild-type guard cells but...
CGf (e), and MatryoshCaMP6s (f). Error bars denote ±s.e.m., data from at least three independent experiments (total number of plants: YC3.6 mock, n=7; YC3.6 ABA, n=7; CGf mock, n=10; CGf ABA, n=25; MatryoshCaMP6s (+ABA), n=6). All results were conducted in at least...
Statins are prescribed for prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. Statins have different cholesterol lowering abilities, with rosuvastatin and atorvastatin being the most effective, while statins like simvastatin and fluvastatin having lowe
Range of ABA-induced changes in cytosolic [Ca2+]. The highest ratio represents the maximum [Ca2+] with 1mM CaCl2 in digitonin-treated cells for 20 minutes [Ca2+] in the root tip. The lowest ratio represents the minimum [Ca2+] in the BAPTA-AM and EGTA-treated cells for 15 minutes in ...
Six members showed plasma membrane localization, two isoforms showed a nuclear and cytosolic distribution, and two other CDPKs localized to the peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Reverse genetic or ectopic expression analysis of a growing number of CDPKs has provided direct evidence ...
transcriptional reprogramming in ArabidopsisYanglin Ding 1 *†, Hao Yang 1 †, Shifeng Wu 1 , Diyi Fu 1 , Minze Li 1 , Zhizhong Gong 1,2 , Shuhua Yang 1 *Exposure to cold triggers a spike in cytosolic calcium (Ca 2+ ) that often leads to transcriptional reprogramming in plants. ...
The loss-of-function mutantscpk1-1,cpk1-2,cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1(shrh1/short root hair 1), andcpk1 shrh1show similar RH phenotypes, including shorter RHs, more RH branching, and dramatically attenuated cytosolic Ca2+gradients at RH tips. The main CPK1-target sites are identified as...
CPK3 was also suggested to be involved in a negative feedback regulation of the cytosolic Ca2+levels after herbivory and wounding damage.In vitrokinase assays of CPK3 protein with a suite of substrates demonstrated that the protein phosphorylates transcription factors (including ERF1, HsfB2a and ...
Exogenous H2O2 causes elevated cytosolic Ca2+ [25], which stimulates plasma membrane–localized Na+/H+ antiporters through the SOS signaling pathway [2,4,5]. Furthermore, H2O2 mediates increased SOS1 mRNA stability in Arabidopsis and may therefore contribute to cellular Na+ protection [26]. Ca2...