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” explains Baillie. “The reason for our approach is that, by definition, the people who end up on life-support machines are extremely susceptible to the disease, and that’s where the strongest genetic signals will lie.”
case–control studies, and cross-sectional studies with a clear follow-up duration.; (2) patients should be hospital discharged adult patients aged 18 years or above representative of the general population without any age restriction, with a pathologically confirmed COVID-19 infection; (3) patient...
While we follow the definition in [44], we acknowledge that there could be potential measurement errors with how the variable is measured. For example, countries may have different criteria for screening and arrival ban policies, which may vary due to the relationship with the target countries, ...
It is evident from Galtung’s definition of violence that all the causal chain of factors that made FSWs one of the most marginalised and vulnerable sections of the society form part of his idea of “Structural Violence”. We have scrutinitized the cyclical nature of historical factors which ...
This economic definition is related to the individual behavior definition, but may take longer to reach because those secondary effects, including supply chain imbalances, labor market disruptions, and global asymmetries affecting travel and trade, may linger. Until a new variant emerges, and under ...
First, by definition, the required case data for the determination of individual incubation periods need to include both exposure (window) and onset of symptoms. In most studies, the data were collected retrospectively, resulting in a recall bias (uncertain exact dates of exposure) that would ...
We followed the N3C COVID-19 diagnosis definition,24,25which is publicly available.29Patients with COVID-19 had a positive result from 1 of a set of a priori–defined tests (included real-time polymerase chain reacti...
Because high-income countries are, by definition, not eligible to receive DAH, we also modelled when countries are expected to transition to high income according to the World Bank high-income cutoff and our GDP forecasts. Government health spending as a share of general government spending was ...
B. A patient with any acute respiratory illness AND having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case (see definition of contact) in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset;ORC. A patient with severe acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of ...