Coronavirus spike gene Viral genes Non-replicating viral vector (such as adenovirus) No licensed vaccines use this method, but they have a long history in gene therapy. Booster shots can be needed to induce long-lasting immunity. US-based drug giant Johnson & Johnson is working on this ...
Interestingly, booster BCG or flu vaccines seemed to help to reduce morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals [20,21]. As soon as the first COVID-19 vaccines became available, the elderly population was prioritized for vaccine administration. 2.2. Immunocompromised Population Although children ...
By Wave 5, a percentage of the populations reported in Table 1 had been vaccinated; however, it also became known that vaccines lost their effectiveness after three months and booster shots were required to maintain immunity against COVID-19 [90]. To understand the context of Table 1, Table...
Availability of data and materials Not applicable.Abbreviations ALT: Alanine transaminase Alb: Albumin ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ADCC: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ADCP: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis ADAM17: A-disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 APOA1: ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a considerable expansion in the way work settings are structured, with a continuum emerging between working fully in-person and from home. The pandemic has also exacerbated many risk factors for poor mental health in the workplace, especially in public-facing jobs...
Exosomes with Spike protein, Abs to SARS-CoV-2 Spike, T cells secreting IFN-γ, and TNF-α increased following the booster dose [198]. Miyashita and colleagues [199] investigated the correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in sera and AEs after the COVID-19 vaccination, and they...
Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccination in previous recipients of two doses of CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine in Brazil (RHH-001): A phase 4, non-inferiority, single blind, randomised study. Lancet 2022, 399, 521–529. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Voysey, M.; Clemens, S....
In view of the evolution of COVID-19 disease, giving populations further booster doses is gaining popularity worldwide, especially for subjects susceptible to COVID-19. While some studies revealed no statistically significant association between vaccines and venous thromboembolism one month after inoculat...
Vaccination rates for COVID-19 differ vastly according to country and continent, which may be explained by availability, governmental restrictions, and the general willingness of every single individual towards vaccination [15]. New SARS-CoV-2 variants with varying vaccine response rates have led to...
Despite the availability of these workable models, there has been limited research to explore public hesitancy toward COVID-19 booster vaccination. A study from Japan found public hesitancy toward booster vaccination to be 2.1%, stemming from an uncertain level of vaccine efficacy at the cost of ...