There were no observed effects of bullying victimisation on health behaviour class membership meaning findings offer partial support for H2. In the unadjusted model, comparisons of the T2 outcomes of the three latent health behaviour classes were directly in line with our predictions, with healthier ...
Many statistical tests rely on the assumption that the residuals of a model are normally distributed [1]. In genetic analyses of complex traits, the normality of residuals is largely determined by the normality of the dependent variable (phenotype) due to the very small effect size of individual...
In epidemiology and clinical research, there is often a proportion of unexposed individuals resulting in zero values of exposure, meaning that some individuals are not exposed and those exposed have some continuous distribution. Examples are smoking or alcohol consumption. We will call these variables...
Also note that the ROC summary statistics defined in the previous section have covariate-adjusted analogs. These analogs are estimated in a similar manner as under the marginal ROC curve (Janes, Longton, and Pepe 2009). The options for their calculation in rocreg are identical to those given ...
In epidemiology and clinical research, there is often a proportion of unexposed individuals resulting in zero values of exposure, meaning that some individuals are not exposed and those exposed have some continuous distribution. Examples are smoking or alcohol consumption. We will call these variables...
where\ell(\cdot, \cdot)is a smooth symmetric function on\mathbb{R}^k \times \mathbb{R}^k. We shall impose an additional constraint on\ellfollowing the discussion below. In matrix form, for\tilde{\alpha}=\left(\tilde{\alpha}_1, \ldots, \tilde{\alpha}_n\right)^{\prime}andL=\lef...
High-cardinality (nominal) categorical covariates are challenging in regression modeling, because they lead to high-dimensional models. For example, in generalized linear models (GLMs), categorical covariates can be implemented by dummy coding which results in high-dimensional regression parameters for hig...
(with confectionary reverse coded so higher scores represent healthier outcomes in all instances) meaning indicators are all scored on an equivalent scale of 0-1 (e.g., response categories ranged from 0 to 6, so a score of 3 = .50). Original item-responses were maintained for use in ...
The third is when the effect of the treatment on the surrogate and true endpoints are different on the individual level, meaning that the positive effect of the treatment is experienced on the surrogate endpoint for some patients and on the true endpoint for a different set of patients. In ...
The third is when the effect of the treatment on the surrogate and true endpoints are different on the individual level, meaning that the positive effect of the treatment is experienced on the surrogate endpoint for some patients and on the true endpoint for a different set of patients. In ...