The empirical results obtained by Karras (1996) demonstrate that low-growth and poor African countries over-provide government services relative to the optimal levels. Baldacci et al. (2004) report that in countries with high levels of corruption, an increase of 10% in the growth of the product...
Oil and gas resources are often located in countries with high disposition of corruption. Revenues from the sector are too often vulnerable to corruption and mismanagement, the oil and gas industries have the potential to bring great wealth to countr...
he raised the initiatives of joining with others to build a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road Initiative, or BRI). The
These findings stand up in the face of various controls for volatility, alternative definitions of turnover, differing sample periods, and are present at both the weekly and daily frequency. The relation is more statistically and economically significant in countries with high levels of corruption, ...
Even if it can be too risky to do business in countries with weak rule of law or increased levels of corruption and poor standards for controlling money flows, not going into these markets is equally not an option for most corporations from a business perspective. Many of these countr...
We will see that deputies to people’s congresses are better able to carry out their work and that they strengthen ties with the general public. We will improve working mechanisms for drawing on public opinion and pooling the wisdom of the people and e...
When there is a high level of corruption in a state, there will be little or no consideration of the needs and rights of the Citizens, and this affects the effectiveness of the Judicial system in the State. 4. Upholding the tenets of Fundamental Human Rights:Protecting the basic rights of...
the responses of 28 managers in charge of establishing operations in a highly corrupt host country, we argue that those firms based in home countries with low levels of corruption are more proactive in preparing to face corruption abroad than those based in countries with high corruption levels. ...
Expensive hospital construction, high tech equipment and the increasing arsenal of medicines needed for treatment, combined with a powerful market of vendors and pharmaceutical companies present opportunities for corruption in the health sector. These opportunities increase when there is insufficient ...
Other studies report high levels of contamination of plants and soil with cadmium, lead, and other heavy metals in these countries [25]. Public agencies are responsible for ensuring food safety enforcement; however, their capacity in the context of developing or transition coun...