Energetic protons from deep space continuously bombard our planet and strike atoms in the upper layers of the atmosphere. These collisions produce tiny nuclear explosions, which in turn give rise to every species in the particle zoo—protons, neutrons, electrons, muons, lambda particles, you name ...
11, can be used to enhance the stopping power of protons. Single-crystal perovskites have been shown to be effective for detecting X-rays, γ-rays, β-rays, α-particles and neutrons through either the direct conversion of radiation quanta to an electrical...