During the heating intervention a mean children's bedroom temperature of 20 掳C (range of 17鈥掳C) was achieved, over a mean period of 12.2 h per night, using on average 6.33 kWh per night. Five factors significantly affected energy use: keeping children's bedroom doors fully open, having...
The EC was calculated as US$0.15/m3 using an electricity tariff of US$ 0.10/kWh (A. S. Mahmoud et al. 2021c). The RC cost for adsorbent material was about US$ 1.0/m3. The MC was estimated at US$ 0.0032/m3. Therefore, the OC was 1.15 $/m3 (i.e., 87.8% TC), resulting in...
This would require a subsidy of $60,000 per BE truck purchased. See Figure 11 for TCO for this scenario. The total number of medium trucks in NZ is 77,252 [1]; hence, the total cost to the state would be $0.464 billion. Figure 11. Cumulative costs with government subsidy. 5.2....
. The results provide a comprehensive review of the European progress towards cost-optimality in both the residential sector (average cost-optimal level 80 kWh/m2y for new, 130 kWh/m2y for existing buildings) and the non-residential sector (140 kWh/m2y for new, 180 kWh/m2y for existing ...
4. Evaluation of Energy Performance of NZESs The cumulative surplus powers of the Gongam house and Gwangdeok house were 4209 kWh and 4102 kWh, respectively, from the completion day until the end of December 2017. The surplus electricity during 3 years from January 2018 to December 2020 was ...
Figure 6.Overview of the conformity of the 2018 country reports per category (data extracted from sheet “Conformity-plausibility” of the linked dataset). The calculation scope (zero): almost two-thirds of Member States failed to cover one or more objectives, such as a required building type ...
If this upper limit is estimated at 25%, it can be seen that the initial level of consumption per m2 in the City of Zagreb should be at least 175 kWh/m2, in order to achieve a positive net present value of the investment. Buildings with lower energy requirements would probably realize ...
At national level, the measure of the energy performance of a building (Epi) indicates how much energy a building consumes during a year per square meter of treated floor area (TFA). The Epi of an existing building built before national Law 10/91 is generally between 200 and 300 kWh/m2y...
From what has been seen previously, it can be assumed that without any thermal recovery measure, the plant would disperse about 1.1 tons of water into the atmosphere per ton of paper produced. Thermal recovery systems reduce this value to about 0.8 tons. Introducing the heat pump could further...
A "fixed price" contract with the Hellenic Power Transmission Regulator [43] is considered with the assumption of "only" a feed-in tariff of 0.115 € per kWh of produced electricity. For the reference scenario (Table 11), the discount rate is set at 3% in real terms and the calculation ...