to refining and refining, each step requires a large amount of capital and technical investment. In addition, due to the scarcity of platinum resources, the difficulty of mining has also increased,
Refining of the platinum-group metals Solvent or resin extraction processes may well be the lowest-cost means to provide the expected production capacity for these important materials Edwards,I R. - JOM 被引量: 13发表: 1976年 How to combine the Serbian stock index with precious metals in a ...
The FTC-systems of Heraeus in general prove to have very low levels of Platinum losses. This is even further enhanced by the FTC-LL option. With PGM prices being currently at elevated levels, this option is now leveraged by more and more customers. In a lot of cases it's mandatory to ...
Cost Effectiveness of Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced, Previously Treated Squamous and Non-squamous Non-small-cell Lung Cancer in England Article Open access 17 December 2020 Cost-effectiveness analysis of sintilimab plus pemetrexed and platinum versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment in...
Key advantages are high power density and cell efficiency, provision of highly compressed and pure hydrogen, and flexible operation [33], [34], [35]. Disadvantages include expensive platinum catalyst and fluorinated membrane materials, high system complexity due to high pressure operation and water ...
the tip of which was placed near the working electrode, and platinum mesh, which is the counter electrode30. The electrochemical study was carried out at room temperature using a corrosive medium consisting of a 100 ml solution of 3.5% sodium chloride that was maintained in a stirred state at...
(A–D) Confirmation of ORR as the catholyte discharge reaction for cells with (A) acidic catholyte (1 M Li2SO4 + 1 M H2SO4) and (B) alkaline catholyte (2 M LiOH). Cell voltage responds immediately as oxygen/argon flow conditions are changed. Unmodified platinum mesh was used as the...
A refining step (slag removal) has to be carried out in order to avoid the production of gasses and chemical elements (sulphur or phosphorous) that could be detrimental for the cast material and produce defects, such as cracks and porosity, that will progressively deteriorate the mechanical ...
Platinum-group metals (PGMs), including platinum and iridium, present exceptional electrocatalytic properties for water splitting, but their high cost is a significant barrier. This directly impacts the overall cost of electrolyzers, thus increasing green H2 production costs. The present work covers ...
Umicore PX Group Materion Sims Recycling Solutions Johnson Matthey Abington Reldan Metals Tanaka Dowa Holdings Heraeus Sino-Platinum Metals Asahi Holdings US Ecology Arch Enterprises Avanti (Tradebe) BASF JBR Recovery Enviro-Chem Gannon and Scott Harsco Kaug Refinery Metallix Refining ... Major Type ...