The cost of concrete weight coating may add between 15% and 20% to the pipeline cost (e.g., $18 per foot for a $60 per foot steel pipeline). Weight coatings in the Gulf of Mexico have historically ranged from $15 to $25 per foot and do not vary significantly in large part ...
In both cases, even if labor costs are ignored the requirements of ground penetration provide barriers to adoption (e.g., renting the equipment can be expensive or shoveling can be too physically demanding in some soil types). In addition, concrete may take a day to solidify, and up to ...
Typically, estimation for such projects is conducted on a case-by-case basis and utilizes estimation tools such as the Construction Specifications Institute [29] MasterFormat model which breaks construction costs into divisions of work such as concrete, plumbing and finishes. This approach is too ...