Fair-use policies aim to balance access and cost of publishing. A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Open-access policy flourishes at NIH," in the 2009 issue. Dylla,H Frederick - 《Nature》 被引量: 0发表: 2009年 Subjectivity and information ethics In A Brief ...
Fair-use policies aim to balance access and cost of publishingdoi:10.1038/459641aA letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Open-access policy flourishes at NIH," in the 2009 issue.DyllaAmerican Institute of PhysicsH. FrederickAmerican Institute of PhysicsNature...
while still needing to avoid male monopolization and thus confuse paternity. Here, we evaluate the costs of association in orangutans; future studies will investigate how
The increase will hurt small business andcostmany thousands of jobs. 这种增长会使小企业受损并使成千上万的人失去工作。 柯林斯高阶英语词典 They told Jacques Delors a disastrous world trade war must be avoided at allcosts. 他们告诉雅克·德洛尔必须不惜任何代价避免一场毁灭性的世界贸易战。
The social cost of carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) measures the monetized value of the damages to society caused by an incremental metric tonne of CO2 emissions and is a key metric informing climate policy. Used by governments and other decision-makers in benefi
aIn The White Peacock, Lawrence makes it clear that the development of civilization is at the cost of breaking the balance of natural environment and ecology, the once pastoral life is quickly destroyed by the machinery and big mines, and industrial civilization not only destroys beautiful nature,...
Estimates of global economic damage caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can inform climate policy1–3. The social cost of carbon (SCC) quantifies these damages by characterizing how additional CO2 emissions today impact future economic outcomes thro
of research stimulation programs. Cost-benefit analysis is a managerial evaluation procedure which is occasionally also employed in TA (cf. Ibo van de Poel's chapter in this Handbook for more detailed explanation). It attempts to quantify and balance all the pertinent decision data — the costs ...
Inventory holding costs include warehousing costs, the decrease in the value of products from the time they are manufactured until they are sold, the opportunity cost of investing in inventory, and the scrapping of obsolete products. From: Logistics Operations and Management, 2011 ...
Domestic political processes shape climate policy. In particular, there is increasing concern about the role of political lobbying over climate policy. This paper examines how lobbying spending on the Waxman–Markey bill, the most prominent and promising