Pretreatment of different wastes, especially agricultural wastes, is a vital step in BC production. It includes altering the size, structure and chemical properties of the biomass thus optimizing the conditions for efficient hydrolysis (Saini et al.2015). The yield of reducing sugars from hydrolysis ...
One harmful phenomenon that might jeopardize the structural integrity of structures is corrosion, which is a thermodynamically spontaneous process. In fact, the cost incurred from corrosion contributes more than the total damage caused by all natural disasters (such as earthquakes, floods, and storms)...