How much is the standing timber from public forests worth? To estimate the value of a timber lot, we adopt the transaction evidence appraisal approach using data from timber auctions in Lorraine (Eastern France) accounting for the facts that: (i) the seller's reserve prices are secret, (ii...
1 List of Figures 4 List of Tables 5 Introduction 6 Research Question 6 Background 6 Spatial Methods for Measuring Transportation Costs 9 Method based on vector transportation data 9 Methods based on raster cost grids 12 Vector versus raster travel cost estimate methods 13 Case Study Methodology ...
In recent years, timber has been considered as an alternative source of building material because of its sustainability and design efficiency. However, the cost competitiveness of timber buildings is still under study due to the lack of available cost information. This paper presents a comprehensive ...
In 2024, personnel accounted for half of building construction costs in Brazil. Meanwhile, material costs represented 44.6 percent of the annual costs in the country. Equipment and administrative costs were in comparison less significant. The building construction cost in Brazil increased in 2024. ...
At present Steel is the material of choice for all in building construction, compared to concrete and timber. Thus steel building designs have become more flexible, durable and adaptable. In future too the choice of steel building will have the same e...
Secondly, taking Northeast Larch of SDRT (a kind of small-diameter round timber tree species common in northeast China) as an example, the suitability space-threshold of its original wood properties in the structural systems can meet the needs of rural architectural space. Thirdly, compared to ...
A time study of a mechanised cut-to-length system was conducted in Pinus elliottii sawtimber plantations in the Southern Cape forestry region of South Africa. A harvester and a forwarder were studied with the intention of analysing the division of work time amongst work elements, modelling each ...
The Rate of Interest as a Factor in the Cost of Growing Timberdoi:10.1093/jof/20.6.589Guise C. HJournal of Forestry
In addition, the environmental impact in terms of CO2 emissions was evaluated for the initial and optimal design suggestions for the two different superstructures. For the residential building, the insulation material thickness and the windows were varied for its eval...
Specifically, the samples with dimension of 50 mm × 50 mm was coated with hot melt adhesive and then bonded to the fixture. When cooled to the temperature, the specimens were stretched with a loading rate of 1 mm min−1 using a universal mechanical testing machine. The interfacial bonding...