The transition energy $E_c$ may be estimated in terms of the photo-disintegration of nuclei.doi:10.48550/arXiv.1501.07809A. WidomJ. SwainY. SrivastavaAds Abstract ServiceA. Widom, J. Swain, and Y. Srivastava, "A Quantum Phase Transition in the Cosmic Ray Energy Distribution", arXiv:...
The cosmic-ray energy density distribution for the LMC is calculated quantitatively based on the concept of dynamic balance and a scale of coupling between the cosmic rays and matter in a range allowed by present observations. Based on the very slowly varying ratio of the cosmic-ray electron to...
We examine here the distribution of I e itself from studies of the γ-ray flux produced by electrons interacting in the interstellar medium by way of the dominant bremsstrahlung mechanism.doi:10.1038/287810a0Issa, M. RRiley, P. AStrong, A. W...
Detecting filaments in the ultra-high energy cosmic ray distribution - Harari, Mollerach, et al. () Citation Context ...the GZK knee, ∼ 56 EeV, is on the order of two per month[4].A Three-Point Cosmic Ray Anisotropy Method 3 the sources of lower energy events (neglecting the ...
Solar cosmic-ray-produced radionuclides in meteorites Model calculations were performed for the production of cosmogenic nuclides by solar protons in meteorites. Depth-dependent proton spectra are derived via energy loss calculations for a simple irradiation geometry (vertical incidence on ... R Michel,...
A Galactic Cosmic Ray refers to high-energy radiation originating from outside the solar system, with energies typically around 10 GeV. These rays can penetrate weak magnetic fields in interplanetary space and have various effects, including the production of radioactive nuclides used in radiocarbon ...
distribution above that energy would almost certainly imply a predominantly extragalactic origin if the primaries of the extensive air showers detected are mainly protons. What evidence there is about the mass composition is suggestive of at least some of the very energetic primaries being protons9,10...
Secondly, space-based instruments are too small to capture enough of these particles, partly due to the particles' uneven energy distribution in space. In other words, cosmic ray sources accelerate particles gradually, with higher-energy particles being more likely to escape their systems. Because ...
A determination of the specific ionization of cosmic-ray particles, first, by a count of the number of drops per cm along cosmic-ray tracks on cloud-chamber photographs and, second, by measurements of the energy loss in lead has shown that the great bulk of the cosmic-ray particles of pos...
"It's like the imaging of a human body by X-ray scanning," said Liu Juntao, member of the research group. The researchers put muon detectors around the object, and collect the muon calculation data based on the penetration situations from different directions in the object. The data is the...