Describes the corrosion behavior of a metal surface when the surface reactivity is very low (oxidation current <1μAcm−2, as a general rule of thumb) due to the presence of a blocking film grown from cations of the metal itself in combination with anions (e.g., OH− or S2−) de...
In fire-tube boilers, a similar type of acid corrosion sometimes occurs if dosing of sodium bisulfite is adopted for the chemical bonding of oxygen. Particularly, when this is applied not in addition to but instead of thermal deaeration, there will usually be an extremely high sulfate concentrati...
The Pd concentration required for passive alloys was found to depend on a variety of metallurgical factors including film deposition temperature and thickness and the extent of surface oxidation following film preparation. For example, the critical Pd concentration needed to obtain noble metal surface ...
The optimisation of machine learning approaches is an ongoing process, whether it is coming up with better methods of identifying the most relevant molecular descriptors62, or analysis of different inhibitor classification algorithms and creation of new descriptors with intrinsic mechanistic meanings63. All...
Microbially produced organic acids, sulfide and extracellular hydrogenases can accelerate metallic iron (Fe0) oxidation coupled to hydrogen (H2) production, as can respiratory anaerobes consuming H2 as an electron donor. Some bacteria and archaea directly accept electrons from Fe0 to support anaerobic ...
PURPOSE: To form a hard layer excellent in the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the peeling resistance by forming a layer whose concentration of hard TiC is gradually reduced from the surface to the inner part on the surface of a steel member made of a high carbon steel, and ...
As mentioned above, the preferential oxidation of titanium results in titanium depletion below the surface, leaving areas rich in nickel [33]. Essentially, two areas of nickel enrichment that exceed the content in the alloy have been documented: (1) enrichment below the oxide layer, eventually ca...
Throughout this paper, we consider as a prototypal example the oxidation of a particular zirconium alloy, Zircaloy used in the nuclear industry as cladding materials in light﹚ater reactors. Through some examples, the aim of the present paper is to describe what kind of information this method ...
Corrosion is the surface wastage that occurs when metals are exposed to reactive environments. (B) Corrosion is the result of interaction between a metal and environments which results in its gradual destruction. (C) Corrosion is an aspect of the decay of materials by chemical or biological agent...
The concept that corrosion potential captures the effects of oxidants and reductants is particularly important when many oxidizing and reducing species are present, for example, in the core, where radiolysis produces a complex “soup” of short-lived radicals and solvated electrons, in addition to ...