A clear understanding of the impact of oil field chemicals on refinery operations is critical to both refiners and producers, to avoid these problems and prevent the erosion of value of the crude. Better commun
In addition, the effects of hydrogen chloride are promoted by an increase in metal temperature. 17.4.2 Pipelines Pipelines are used to transport crude oil from the wellhead to the refinery. Although many of the difficulties of such transportation are related to the paraffin crystals and ...
knowledge, the first estimation of the global cost of corrosion, i.e., a value of 2.5 trillion US dollars (3.4% of global product), was reported by NACE International as part of its International Measures of Prevention, Application, and Economics of Corrosion Technologies (IMPACT) study in ...
Microorganisms in notable environments often impact metal corrosion—this characteristic is designated microbiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC), and its effect has led to the cost of material repairs. Some key measures adopted to mitigate MIC are protective coatings, slippery lubricant-infused porous su...
The non-living organic substances are mainly present in the oil and gas operation systems (refinery, exploration, petrochemicals) in the form of high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as coal tar, naphthenates, wax, and asphaltene. The precipitation of such substances leads to high operating and ...
10.Formation and Spontaneous Combustion Tendency of Sulfide Products from Oil Refinery Equipment Corrosion in Low-temperature Location炼油设备低温硫腐蚀产物的生成及其自燃倾向 11.anti-seawater low alloy steel耐海水腐蚀低合金钢 12.High Temperature Corrosion Protection of Boiler water-wall and Reduce NOx Emi...
Corrosion is a costly problem in the oil and gas production industry, estimated at almost $1.4 billion,1 with significant safety and exposure risk. It continues to be an industry challenge due to its complexity and difficulty to fully resolve. Revenue loss from an amine plant shutdown due to...
BS ISO 11844-1:2006Corrosion of metals and alloys. Classification of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres. Determination and estimation of indoor corrosivity PD 6484:1979Commentary on corrosion at bimetallic contacts and its alleviation BS 3745:1970Method for the evaluation of results of accelerated co...
On board ships, microbes can thrive in the water layer at the bottom of oil cargo tanks and in the sediment in ballast tanks. Once bacteria become established, they become difficult to control and may corrode steel up to 1.6–3.2 mm per year. 26.3.2 Major Corrosion Mechanisms in Different...
The experimental investigation was conducted in Ref.[59]to elucidate the noteworthy impact of salt-spray corrosion on thermo-hydraulic performance of copper-fin heat exchanger while varying the corrosion hours to acknowledge its influence on different contact angles (static, advancing, and receding conta...