bond certificate,bond- a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal ...
deteriorate, and the use of long-term debt will decrease. Therefore, agency costs cause banks to issue less long-term debt. According to the theory of information asymmetry, the greater the ESG differences, the greater the possibility of information asymmetry within and outside an enterprise. Low...
(2019). Escape from the USA: Government debt-to-GDP ratio, country tax competitiveness, and US-OECD cross-border M&As. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(7), 1156–1183. Article Google Scholar Garcia-Bernardo, J., Fichtner, J., Takes, F., & Heemskerk, E. (2017). ...
This article contributes to literature in a variety of ways. First, from the academic perspective, it provides a new cross-country perspective by investigating the nonlinear impact of ESGP on GV in the context of listed firms in two leading economies. Second, we investigate the nonlinear effect ...
Government Debt to GDP Ratio of total government debt to GDP (in percentage), measured in 2017. Global Financial Development Database GDP per Capita Natural logarithm of GDP per capita in 2018. World Development Indicators GDP Growth Growth rate of GDP, measured in 2018. World Development Indicat...
to go on the greatest corporate debt binge in history. It has been a tremendous “boom”, but it has also set the stage for a tremendous “bust”. Large corporations all over the country are now really struggling to deal with their colossal debt burdens, and defaults on the riskiest ...
The paper reports that gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation have both statistically negative signifant relationship with the firm payout ratio. This implies that in a country where GDP is high, firms are less likely to consider paying dividends. During high GDP levels, the economic ...
The slight blip had as much to do with the dotcom crash as the bombing of the Twin Towers. World Trade to GDP Ratio 1970-2019 Chart by Macrotrends based on World Bank data Throughout the 2000s, world trade continued to grow, most of the former communist countries in Europe joined ...
corporate debt of nonfinancial EM firms has increased fivefold from about $5 trillion in 2006 to more than $25 trillion in 2018 (Fig. 1). Likewise, the EM nonfinancial corporate-debt-to-GDP ratio has risen by more than 50 percentage points over the same period, reaching a peak of over...
Therefore, we re-run the models reported in Tables 2–4 using the general government expenditure-to-GDP ratio and a measure of unconventional monetary policy as additional regressors. To capture unconventional monetary policy effects we use (a) the ECB purchases and holdings of securities for monet...