极重度患者，FEV 1 /FVC＜0.7，肺通气功能测试过程中基于支气管舒张后FEV 1 ＜20%预计值
2013 版 Gold 对 D 类患者推荐可以使用 ICS+LABA+LAMA 的三联治疗。因此, 将这三种药物置于一个吸入装置的三联复发制剂也在积极地研发之中,如糠酸氟替卡松+Vilanterol 19、+ GSK573719 或糠酸氟替卡松+ GSK961081(MABA)等。COPD 的本质是一种慢性炎症性疾病。过去的研究证明氟替卡松/沙美特罗和罗氟司特...
NHT ten Hacken2,3, P Vandenabeele4,5, DV Krysko4,5, MC Nawijn1,2,7 and AJM van Oosterhout1,2,7 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive lung disease characterized by sustained neutrophilic airway inflammation, is caused by chronic exposure to noxious stimuli, e.g., ci...
Of interest, patients who did not fulfill the GOLD requirements for a COPD diagnosis did not worsen the measurement properties of the CCQ (not shown). This is hardly surprising though, since these subjects are probably at least "at risk" subjects, otherwise the GP diagnose of COPD makes no ...
2Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep Medicine, Medical Care Line, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease of the lung caused primarily by exposure to cigarette smoke. ...
Meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the vitamin D levels between mild–moderate (GOLD 1 and 2) COPD and severe–very severe (GOLD 3 and 4) COPD. Severe–very severe COPD patients had lower serum vitamin D levels compared to mild–moderate COPD patients (SMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -...
No patients with wild COPD (GOLD I) were included in this study. During PR too few patients deteriorated (n=12) to analyze the MCID for deterioration. MCIDs for improvement and deterioration may differ.13 Our current study has applied an ambiguous anchor-based method of questionnaire-...
Currently, there are alternative products to conventional cigarettes (combustible; CSs), such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or heated tobacco products (HTPs). Electronic cigarettes refer to personal vaporisers that generate an aerosol by heating a liquid containing nicotine. HTPs operate by ...
Topics discussed include Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), quality assured diagnostic spirometry (QADS) and Association of Respiratory Technicians and Physiologists (ARTP). Ways to help people quit smoking are discussed....
which was considered as the cutoff point beyond which concentric remodeling was diagnosed.17 In addition, a more severe degree of respiratory disease was associated with a greater increase of concentric remodel- ing, as indicated by the significant relationship between LV geometry and GOLD class, spi...