If the historical control group is found to be comparable, the control data is pooled to test the superiority of the experimental group E versus the combined control group based on nE and nC+nH patients. If the historical control group is not found to be comparable with the randomized ...
A major limitation of the current results is that they cannot adequately distinguish between the effect of assessing versus being an assessee. Most of the current studies confound giving and receiving peer assessment in their designs (i.e., the students in the peer assessment group both provide ...
Butyrate production may also be important for host physiology in vertebrates other than mammals64, and so we first compared loss rates in all vertebrate microbiotas (including mammals) versus all other microbiotas (Fig. 4). We also performed the more stringent test of mammal microbiotas versus a...
Using this experimental system, we applied mild abiotic stress conditions that commonly occur in nature: heat, drought, chilling and light stress. As maternal inheritance is usually established by organelle exclusion and/or organelle degradation during male gametogenesis33,38, the stress conditions were ...
Interestingly, the similar occurrence of profound hypoxemia suggested that the lower incidence of prone position in the PC-SV group likely resulted from the reluctance of healthcare providers to turn patients prone in the experimental group. The PC-SV strategy reduced significantly prone position ...
Fig. 6. Experimental (solid black line) versus numerical (dashed red line) receptance response of the fluid inerter device. 3.4. Controlled system Fig. 4 - FID finally shows the mechanical model of the system controlled by the FID. It still consists of three DOFs, since the mass ms to be...
3.8 Distributed versus centralized control Efficient and safe operations of multiple UAVs require unique real-time controls. Different control mechanisms are needed in coordinating among multiple UAVs that achieve a specific task, and effectively use the UAV resources, provide safe operations, and maintain...
One way to group current control algorithms is according to the strategy that they take to provoke plasticity: assisting, challenge-based, simulating normal tasks, and non-contact coaching [see Additional file1]. Other strategies will likely be conceived in the future, but presently most algorithms...
In other words, merely being cued to prepare for joint versus solo control actions triggered a reliable increase in stimulus-driven neural activity. Fig. 6: Neural activity elicited by the action control cue prior to the onset of solo and joint actions (n = 40 participants). The action...
The Tm values of these nine PNAs versus ASOs ranged from 42 °C to 81 °C, showing a reasonable propensity to increase binding affinity as a function of PNA length (Fig. 2h). The Tm of hApo1/cRNA(13) was 63 °C, which was between that of PNA(C9) and PNA(C10). To asses...