The economy goes through stages as innovation, supply, demand, laws, and politics affect what is made and what is purchased. The first stage of an economy is an expansion where incomes increase with production pushing more consumption and making more work and is marked by the growth of GDP....
(2014). "Government Spending Multipliers in Contraction and Expansion". Post Keynesian Economics Study Group , Working Paper 1404.Qazizada, W. and E. Stockhammer (2015), `Government spending multipliers in contraction and expansion,' International Review of Applied Economics, 29(2), 238-258....
This article reviews some of the recent literature on women's farm work and adds evidence from sources such as Marshall's Review and farm accounts to consider patterns of expansion and contraction in the demand for female labour from the capitalist sector of English agriculture over the period 17...
NHS capital expenditure and the private finance initiative-expansion or contraction? Gaffney, D., Pollock, A.M., Price, D., Shaoul, J.: NHS Capital Expenditure and the Private Finance Initiative: expansion or contraction, British ... D Gaffney,AM Pollock,D Price,... - 《Bmj British ...
(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth. The country's economiccontractionwas caused by high oil prices. (biology) A shortening of a muscle when it is used. (medicine) A strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth. ...
更多 英文词典中"contraction"的反义词 expansion是 英文 词库中“contraction"的反义词。 expansion 更多 contraction 的语法和变格 contraction ( plural contractions) lp liczba pojedyncza contraction; lm liczba mnoga ~s contraction (plural contractions) 更多 Contraction 例句...
Meanwhile, China is expected to be one of the few major economies that could see economic expansion this year, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s recently released World Economic Outlook report, which projected the global economy would decline by 3 percent in 2020. ...
Arjun Jayadev Think back to your economics undergraduate classes and imagine getting the following question in one of your exams: “In country A, unemployment is very high, inflation is very low and it is cheap for the government to borrow. You are selected to be the chief economic adviser ...
Government spending has often varied with the business cycle to stimulate the economy and to revive economic conditions. However, the state of public finan... ES Kandil - 《Applied Economics》 被引量: 3发表: 2013年 On the logic of theory change: iteration of expansion Constructing models that...
from 1929 to 1941.1More recently, deep contraction occurred during the early 1980s when theFederal Reservesent interest rates soaring to squelch inflation.2This contractionary period, however, was short-lived and succeeded by a robust and sustained period of expansion. ...