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The image forces push the contour toward salient image features such as lines, edges, and subjective contours such that it becomes a good fit of the image data features. The external forces are responsible for ensuring that the contour reaches the desired local minimum. The energy functional has...
Our skeleton is based on the medial axis transform (MAT), a strategy that has been commonly used for generating contour-parallel toolpaths [31]. We visualize the skeleton as the union of cones (UoC) (Section 3.2), by raising each point in the domain to a height that equals the shortest...
What are contour lines and how do you label them? Describe briefly the difference between a-helix and b-pleated sheet conformation. Why are the hollow bones in class Aves important for birds? Explain how birds achieve lift and thrust, and then describe how the different shapes ...
is shown here as essentially normal to the card. Any other useful angle at which the sheeting could have been imaged might have been chosen. Each of the lines represents the central axis of the conical field of view of an axial marking. When the sheet is arranged in the contour it was ...
Contact image sensors (CISs), commonly used in flatbed scanners, have been proposed as a suitable technology for layer-wise characterization of contour deviations, paving the way for the application of corrective measures. Nevertheless, despite the high resolution of CIS digital images, the accurate ...
After that, we generated four lines based on the extreme points to construct the octagon contour (Figure 3e). In general, the aspect ratio of strawberries is approximately 1:2. Thus, we designed an octagon contour specifically for strawberries, which can effectively enclose the strawberries ...
However, with such a conventional contour measuring instrument commonly used, a problem arises in that, when the stylus falls into a deep groove or the like, the stylus may be broken and the object to be measured may be damaged. More specifically, since no damage preventing mechanism for prot...
The intact left otoliths were positioned on a dark background, with thesulcus acusticusfacing downward and therostrumto the left on the horizontal plane to minimize errors during the normalization and digitization processes. Although it is commonly recommended to capture photographs of otoliths with th...
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is continuation under 35 U.S.C. Section 120 of the following co-pending and commonly-assigned applications: U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 15/365,426, filed on Nov. 30, 2016, by Kwok Tung Chan, Tanni Sisco, John Hartmann, Scott...